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South Sudan Tribal Tours - Tours To South Sudan

South Sudan Tribal Tours – Tours To South Sudan

Indigenous Tribes to See on South Sudan Tribal Tours
Tours to South Sudan with Monumental Expeditions and Safaris

South Sudan is home to a rich and diverse cultural heritage. There are 64 indigenous tribes or ethnic groups in South Sudan, many of which share similar cultural practices and mutually intelligible languages. These tribes are often grouped into larger ethnic families based on shared traditions and lifestyles.

Below are some of the tribes you may encounter during your South Sudan tribal tour with Monumental Expeditions and Safaris:

  • Dinka Tribe

  • Nuer Tribe

  • Mundari Tribe

  • Azande Tribe

  • Baka Tribe

  • Boya Tribe

  • Larim Tribe

  • Falata Tribe

  • Imatong Tribe

  • Jiye (or Jie)

  • Kakwa Tribe (also found in Uganda)

  • Lango Tribe (also found in Uganda)

  • Lopit Tribe

  • Lotuko Tribe

  • Madi Tribe

  • Murle Tribe (also found in Ethiopia)

Mundari Tribe of South Sudan

The Mundari people, like other Nilotic tribes, are closely connected to cattle. Cattle serve as food, a form of currency, and a symbol of wealth and social status. Marriages are traditionally arranged by offering cattle to the bride’s family, and a man may marry multiple wives based on the number of cattle he owns.

During the dry season, conflicts over cattle sometimes lead to raids with neighboring tribes, particularly the Dinka. To protect their livestock, Mundari men often sleep in the bush with weapons. Young Mundari men undergo ritual scarification as a rite of passage into adulthood. The typical pattern involves two sets of three parallel lines on each side of the forehead, sloping downward and unconnected in the middle.

The Mundari are also known for their unique hair practices, using cow urine and burnt cow dung to dye their hair reddish-brown as a form of adornment.

Toposa Tribe of South Sudan

The Toposa people live in the Kapoeta region of Eastern Equatoria State. Traditionally, they have practiced small-scale farming of maize and millet, along with herding cattle, sheep, and goats. Trade with neighboring communities is also part of their way of life. The Toposa have historically engaged in low-level conflicts, often related to cattle raids.

Over time, modernization has influenced the Toposa way of life, and some traditional structures are slowly disappearing. The Toposa belong to the “Karamojong cluster” of tribes, which includes the Karamojong of Uganda, the Jiye (Jie) of South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia, and the Turkana of Kenya.

According to oral tradition, the Toposa migrated from Uganda’s Zulia Mountains in Kidepo Valley National Park between 1587 and 1623. Their migration was driven by drought, land disputes, and the search for better grazing land.

Scarification in Toposa Culture
Scarification among the Toposa is a deeply rooted cultural practice. These markings symbolize beauty, bravery, adulthood, and clan identity. The process is painful and takes time to heal, so undergoing scarification without expressing pain is considered a sign of strength. Individuals with more scars are highly respected in their communities.

Best South Sudan Tribal Tours & Travel Itinerary

Day 1: Arrival in South Sudan
Upon arrival at Juba International Airport for your 8-day Mundari & Dinka Tribal Photo Tour, a team from Monumental Expeditions and Safaris will welcome you and transfer you to your hotel in Juba. Depending on your arrival time, you will take a short city tour of Juba, including a visit to the Konyo Konyo Market. This vibrant market provides an introduction to South Sudan’s diverse communities, with their distinctive styles of dress and traditional scarification.
Accommodation: Acacia Hotel, Juba
Meals: Dinner included

Day 2: Drive to the Mundari Cattle Camp
After introducing ourselves to the local authorities in Juba, we will travel to the Mundari cattle camp in Terekeka. For the next two nights, we will camp beside the Nile River with Mundari warriors. Be ready to capture stunning photographs.
Accommodation: Camping
Meals: Full board

Day 3: Full Day at the Mundari Cattle Camp
Spend the entire day exploring Mundari camps and villages. You will have the opportunity to immerse yourself in their traditional way of life, largely untouched by modern civilization.
Accommodation: Camping
Meals: Full board

Day 4: Final Day with the Mundari Tribe
After watching the sunrise, we will bid farewell to the Mundari people and return to Juba.
Accommodation: Acacia Hotel, Juba
Meals: Full board

Day 5: Flight to Bor – Visit the Dinka Tribe
You will transfer to Juba International Airport for your charter flight to Bor. Upon arrival, you will meet Dinka community leaders and local guides who will welcome you into their village.
Accommodation: Tents
Meals: Full board

Day 6: Life with the Dinka Tribe
Spend the day experiencing life with the Dinka people, one of Africa’s most traditional pastoral tribes. Participate in daily tasks such as herding cattle, milking, preparing meals, and even learn how to identify medicinal herbs. You will witness cultural traditions such as the drawing of blood from cattle and may be given a Dinka name.
Accommodation: Tents
Meals: Full board

Day 7: Return to Juba (Road or Flight depending on conditions)
After an early breakfast and final sunrise at the camp, we will return to Juba either by road or by light aircraft, depending on road conditions.
Accommodation: Acacia Hotel, Juba
Meals: Full board

Day 8: Juba City Tour and Departure
On your final day, you will enjoy a city tour of Juba, visiting key attractions such as the Dr. John Garang Mausoleum, local craft markets, and Konyo Konyo Market. Depending on your flight time, you will then transfer to the airport for your journey home.
Meals: Breakfast

Packing Guide for South Sudan Tribal Tours

To ensure a comfortable and enriching experience while visiting tribal communities like the Mundari and Toposa, we recommend packing the following essentials:

  • Personal toiletries and wet wipes

  • Sunscreen (especially important for the hot Mundari regions)

  • Headlamp or LED torch (for limited visibility at night)

  • Sunglasses

  • Insect repellent

  • First aid kit and any necessary medications

  • Durable closed-toe shoes or hiking boots

  • Comfortable sandals or flip-flops for around camp

  • Camera with extra batteries and memory cards

  • Pocket knife

  • Portable solar charger

  • Lip balm (useful against dry, dusty air)

About South Sudan Tribal Tours

South Sudan is a destination for adventurous travelers seeking authentic experiences among some of the world’s most traditional tribal groups. Photographing Mundari cattle camps, elaborately scarified individuals, and majestic horned cattle is a highlight for photographers from across the globe.

Monumental Expeditions and Safaris offers tribal tours that provide deep insights into the daily lives and ancient cultures of South Sudan’s ethnic groups. During your journey, you may meet tribes such as the Mundari, Dinka, Toposa, and Larim, and explore regions including the Sudd Swamp—one of the world’s largest wetlands.

These tours offer a rare opportunity to connect with remote communities that have preserved their way of life for generations. South Sudan is often misunderstood due to its history of conflict, but the country has made significant progress since gaining independence in 2011. Although some areas remain unstable, tourism now contributes about 4% to the national GDP.

The country is not just about its past. It boasts breathtaking landscapes, 14 national parks and reserves, and some of the best birdwatching areas on the continent. Some parks are even larger than entire countries in East Africa.

Visitors often make the mistake of assuming that Juba represents the whole of South Sudan. In truth, the most remarkable experiences lie in the remote countryside—where rich cultures, vast wilderness, and unique wildlife await, best explored with the guidance of local experts from Monumental Expeditions and Safaris.

Is It Safe to Travel to South Sudan?

Traveling to South Sudan requires an open mind. Just like tours in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, visiting South Sudan may seem unsafe or intimidating at first, but the reality on the ground can be quite different.

Thousands of international expatriates live and work in Juba and other parts of the country without major security incidents. The capital city, Juba, is relatively safe, partly because of the large expatriate community and the presence of UN peacekeeping forces. However, travelers are advised to remain cautious, especially when leaving the capital.

Before visiting areas outside of Juba, it is important to check the latest security updates from your embassy. It is also strongly recommended to hire a knowledgeable and trustworthy local guide. A guide will help you navigate local political dynamics and ensure your safety both in the city and in rural areas.

Travelers should not expect high-quality infrastructure. Roads, hotels, and other services are often basic. Travel times can be long, and plans may need to change due to unpredictable conditions. Some travelers find this unpredictability part of the adventure.

Why Visit Now?

South Sudan offers a rare opportunity to explore untouched natural landscapes and remote cultural communities. Visiting now allows you to experience places that very few people have seen. The country’s pristine wilderness and traditional lifestyles remain largely unaffected by modern technology. These destinations may become very popular in the future, and you’ll have the privilege of saying you visited them before they became widely known.

For travelers who seek adventure and are open to taking risks, Monumental Expeditions and Safaris believes you don’t have to wait for complete peace to enjoy South Sudan. The window of opportunity is already here.

Top Tourist Attractions in South Sudan

Explore Juba and Other Towns

Juba, the capital of South Sudan, is one of Africa’s fastest-growing cities. It offers decent accommodation and is served by Juba International Airport, which has daily flights from major cities in Africa and the Middle East. Infrastructure is slowly improving, and large companies have started setting up operations in the city.

Juba can be explored in a day or two. Some key attractions include:

  • University of Juba: One of the country’s largest public universities. Originally founded in 1977, it was relocated to Khartoum during unrest in the 1980s and later returned to Juba. Instruction is in English.

  • Presidential Palace: Opened in 2011, just a few months after the country gained independence.

  • Jebel Kujur (Korok) Mountain: A 684-meter hill that offers panoramic views of Juba.

  • Colonial Buildings and the City Monument: Located at the main roundabout where the city clock stands.

  • Konyo Konyo Market: The largest market in Juba, known for its chaotic yet lively atmosphere and wide variety of local produce.

If you wish to relax in the evening, hotel bars in reputable hotels are the safest option. Avoid walking at night or carrying valuables, and always consult your guide on which areas are best avoided.

Other towns worth visiting include Aweil, Kodok, Deim Zubeir, Bentiu, Gondokoro, Tonj, Gogrial, Torit, Yambio, Rokon, Kaya, Yei, Wau, and Rumbek (the former capital).

Notable Sites:

  • Torit: The birthplace of the 1955 armed struggle. You can visit the burial site of the country’s early freedom fighters.

  • Mausoleum of Rev. Father Saturnino Ohure: A priest who played a significant role in the fight for independence.

  • Tamarind Tree in Nimule: Where explorer Sir Samuel Baker camped in 1869 while searching for the Nile’s source. The tree still stands today.

Due to poor road conditions, air travel is the best way to access many of these towns.

Boma National Park

Located near the Ethiopian border in Jonglei State, Boma National Park covers 22,800 square kilometers. It hosts one of the world’s largest wildlife migrations between March–April and November–January. Around two million animals—including gazelles, kobs, and other antelope species—migrate from the Sudd and Bandingilo National Park to Boma, then on to Ethiopia. During the dry season, they return in search of greener pastures. The park is also home to over 7,000 elephants, baboons, and giraffes.

The Sudd Swamp

Covering about 30,000 square kilometers, the Sudd is the world’s largest swamp. It is one of the best birdwatching destinations globally, with over 450 species, including black-crowned cranes, giant white pelicans, and shoebill storks. The fertile wetlands also support diverse vegetation and wildlife. Fishing is another popular activity here.

Wau Zoo

Located in Bahr el Ghazal near a river, the Wau Zoo is known for its striped hyena—the largest species of hyena. Other animals include antelopes, warthogs, crocodiles, ostriches, and baboons.

Bandingilo National Park

Situated in the Equatoria region, Bandingilo National Park spans about 10,000 square kilometers. It was established in 1992 and plays a crucial role in South Sudan’s annual wildlife migration. The park is rich in biodiversity and home to giraffes, lions, leopards, cheetahs, gazelles, elephants, and reedbucks.

Nimule National Park

Established in 1954, Nimule National Park is in the southern region, bordering Uganda. Covering 540 square kilometers, it is one of the more developed parks due to its proximity to Juba. Wildlife includes leopards, baboons, zebras, warthogs, antelopes, and crocodiles.

The park also offers guided tours and boat rides to Opekoloe Island, where visitors can see large herds of elephants and other wildlife such as hippos, jackals, bushbucks, hyrax, and Uganda kobs.

Kidepo Valley National Park

Located in the remote southern corner of South Sudan, bordering Uganda, Kidepo Valley National Park offers a true wilderness experience. It is ideal for adventurous travelers and provides excellent wildlife viewing during the dry season. The park is home to several species not found elsewhere in the country.

Nyakuron Cultural Center
The Nyakuron Cultural Center is one of the best places to experience the diverse culture of South Sudan. Like many African countries, traditional music, dance, and storytelling are central to the heritage of South Sudanese communities. Built in 1976, the center features a large garden, outdoor stage, auditorium, and nightclub. It was designed to preserve and showcase the cultural traditions of Southern Sudan.

White Nile
The White Nile is one of the two main tributaries of the River Nile, originating in Uganda and flowing through several countries, including South Sudan. It gets its name from the color change caused by clay soils in the region. The river flows through Juba, allowing visitors to enjoy scenic views without traveling far. The Juba Bridge offers a great vantage point to observe the river, as well as fishermen and boats going about their daily work. The White Nile is calm and ideal for sightseeing.

Visit a Dinka Cattle Camp or Market
The Dinka are the largest and most influential tribe in South Sudan. While some now live in urban areas, many remain pastoralists who rely on cattle for survival. Cattle are important for social status and are often given as bride price—sometimes as many as 400 cows. Their cattle camps can hold over 600 animals and are central to Dinka culture. Visitors can tour these camps to learn about their traditional way of life. If visiting rural areas is difficult, the cattle market in Juba city center is a good alternative. Cows, especially the long-horned white bulls, are highly symbolic in South Sudan.

Mount Kinyeti and the Imatong Mountains
Mount Kinyeti, located in the Imatong Mountains near the Ugandan border, is the highest peak in South Sudan at 3,187 meters. It offers a challenging hiking experience with pristine landscapes, forested slopes, and a chance to spot wildlife such as leopards, buffaloes, and elephants. The region is part of the Imatong Forest Reserve and is rarely visited, making it ideal for adventurous travelers.

Whitewater Rafting
Whitewater rafting is available near Nimule, offering a thrilling experience on the Nile. The rafting route runs from Nimule to Juba and passes through areas inhabited by hippos, crocodiles, antelopes, primates, and elephants. There are also opportunities for bird watching and sport fishing. A company called African Rivers organizes these tours, including transport from Juba to Fola Falls in Nimule National Park. The first 8 kilometers feature grade 4 rapids, followed by easier grade 3 and grade 2 sections.

John Garang Mausoleum
John Garang was a respected leader of the South Sudanese liberation movement. He died in a helicopter crash while returning from Uganda. The Mausoleum, located at the Avenue of Nations where independence celebrations are held, honors his legacy. Visitors must be respectful, especially when signing the visitor book. The site is guarded and includes a photo of Garang, national flags, and a secure tomb enclosure.

All Saints Cathedral
All Saints Cathedral is the main Christian place of worship in Juba. It is located between Gombura and Lanya streets. Services are held in English, Zande, and Arabic, attracting many prominent locals. There are plans to construct a larger church to accommodate the growing congregation.

Dining in Juba
Juba has a variety of restaurants due to its large expatriate and humanitarian community. Options range from budget to high-end, and many stay open late. For traditional South Sudanese food, try the local eateries. Top international restaurants include:

  • Da Vinci (international and vegetarian cuisine)

  • Notos Lounge Bar and Grill (Indian and Mediterranean dishes)

  • Spice ‘n Herbs (Chinese, Indian, and Italian meals)

  • Home and Away (Thai and Asian cuisine)

  • Il Paradiso and Juba Bridge Hotel Restaurant (African and Ethiopian meals)

  • Le Bistro (burgers, pies, cakes, salads)

  • Istanbul (Turkish and Middle Eastern dishes)

  • Villa Marvella (ideal for snacks and quick meals)

Wau Cathedral
Built in 1913, Wau Catholic Cathedral is an important religious and architectural landmark. It reflects the role of Christian missionaries in South Sudan’s development and features unique stone carvings and stained-glass windows.

Wrestling at Bor’s Freedom Square
Wrestling is a traditional sport practiced by several South Sudanese tribes. Matches are held in public squares, especially on weekends. Contestants wrestle bare-chested in front of large crowds, competing for prizes such as money or cattle.

Things to Know Before Visiting South Sudan

High Cost of Travel
Traveling within South Sudan is more expensive compared to most neighboring countries, except the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Basic goods are limited, so it is wise to carry enough physical cash. U.S. dollars are widely accepted, but local currency is also needed. Credit card payments are mostly limited to Juba. Ensure your visa and passport are valid, and be prepared for multiple checkpoints.

Climate
South Sudan has a tropical climate with rainy seasons from April to October. Areas at higher altitudes receive more rainfall. Due to its equatorial location, daylight hours remain consistent throughout the year.

Friendly Locals
Despite a history of conflict, South Sudanese people are known for their hospitality and openness to visitors. This friendliness offers travelers a chance to learn about local culture and customs in a respectful way.

Medical Facilities and Insurance
Medical infrastructure is limited, with most reliable facilities run by the government or international agencies. Travelers should obtain comprehensive travel insurance that includes emergency evacuation and treatment in neighboring countries. Ensure the insurer covers travel to high-risk destinations.

Transport Within Cities
In cities like Juba, the most efficient way to get around is by boda boda (motorcycle taxi). For longer distances, taxis are available, though they may not access smaller neighborhoods. A local boda rider can guide you on a city tour.

Photography Regulations
Photography of government buildings or military areas is strictly prohibited in Juba and could lead to arrest. Always seek permission, and ideally, travel with a local guide from Monumental Expeditions and Safaris who can help you navigate regulations. Outside the capital, photography is generally more relaxed.

Tribal Sensitivities
Tribal divisions have contributed to some of the country’s conflicts. Travelers should avoid taking sides or engaging deeply in tribal debates. Let locals lead discussions, and remain neutral and respectful at all times.

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